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The elliptical wing planform is known for its efficient aerodynamic properties, primarily because of its shape. This wing design allows for a more uniform distribution of lift across the span of the wing. The optimal distribution of lift minimizes the induced drag, which is the drag created by the production of lift.

In an elliptical wing, the lift distribution closely follows an elliptical shape, resulting in reduced pressure differences along the wing and thus lowering vortex formation at the wingtips. This streamlined and efficient design leads to an overall reduction in induced drag, making it the most efficient option among the wing planforms listed. The other wing shapes, while having their own specific advantages, do not match the efficiency of the elliptical wing in minimizing induced drag.